Vocabulary Around the House

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                                                                             planter

                                                              Around the house. Gabby.

Other Rooms

Attic	People store things in the attic.
Ballroom	A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room	A small room used for storage.
Cellar	Underneath the house.
Cloakroom	A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory	A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room	A room where people eat.
Drawing Room	A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room	A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall	The entrance passage to a house.
Larder	A small room used for the storage of food.
Library	A room where books are kept.
Lounge	Another name for living room.
Music Room	A room where people play music.
Office	A room where people work.
Pantry	A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour	Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room	Another name for living room.
Spare Room/ Guest Room	A room where guests sleep.
Toilet	A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room	A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

Simple Future

Simple future is used for describing job or action that will to do (happened) at future.

A. In order to
1. Future tense “will”
a. To assert incident/event that future and decide that incident at talking.
Example= A: can you help me to do this home work?
B: of course, I will do it for you.



b. To offer to do something.
Example= A: I don’t have a pen to write.
B: don’t worry. I will lend you.

c. To assert an agreement to do something.
Example= A: you must come to my party.
B: I promise I will come on party.

d. To ask someone to do something.
Example= A: it’s very hot in my room.
B: certainly.

e. To predict event that will be happened
Example= A: will I pass the test next month?
B: don’t worry, you will pass.

f. To assert an incident/event that will be sure happened.
Example= A: I’m seventeen years old now. How old will I be next year?
B: you will be eighteen years old next years. All people and animals in the world will die

2. Future tense “shall”
a. To assert a deal or gift suggestion
Example= Today, we are free.
Where shall we go?
Note: shall for subject “I, we”

3. Future tense “be going to”
a. To assert an incident that will be happened and gone ever break a promise to do it.
Example= A: Did you send my letter for her?
B: oh, I’m sorry I forgot. I’m going to send it tonight.

b. To assert an incident/event that cause there are incident/event that mention that what will be next happened.
Example= A: The sky is very dark. What do you think?
B: I think it’s going to rain

B. Time signal
1.Tomorrow…
*  Morning
*  Afternoon
*  Evening
*  Night

2. Next…
*  Time
*  Week
*  Month
*  Year
*  January

3. Tonight
4. The day after tomorrow
5. Soon
6. Later
7. Two, three more days
8. Two, three days later
9. By and by

C. Formation of sentences
1. Positive (+):
a. Subject + shall/will + VI
Example: I shall clean the room
We will go to school
She will give a present
Note: “shall” just can use for subject “I and We”
b. Subject + be + going to + VI
Example:
I am going to play tennis
They are going to swim very fast
He is going to write a story

2. Negative (-)
a. Subject + shall/will + not + VI
Example: I shan’t buy a shirt
He won’t clean the room
Note: shall not = shan’t
Will not = won’t
b. Subject + be not + going to + VI
Example: I am not going to give a present

3. Interrogative (?)
a. Shall/will + subject + VI ?
Example: will we play tennis?
b. Be + subject + going to + VI ?
Example: is she going to write a story?

Descriptive Text

The aim of descriptive text: to describe the characteristics of particular person, thing, or place.

Text Structure:
▪ Identification Þ identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
▪ Description Þ gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or characteristics.


Grammatical Features:
▪ Who? What?
▪ Using Linking verb and Simple Present Tense
▪ Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase
▪ Attributive (the)
▪ Use of attributive and identifying process
▪ Focus on specific participants
▪ Frequent use of epithets and classifier in nominal groups

Example of Descriptive Text:
Bandengan Beach

Bandengan Beach or Tirta Samudra Beach is the famous beach in jepara. the place is very beautiful and romantic. people around Jepara, Kudus, Demak knows this place.

This place is located 7 kilometers north of Jepara city center. The way to get there is very easy. Just follow the traffic sign and you will find it. From the town square, follow the road to Bangsri then turn left when reached kuwasen village. You can take public transportation or by your own vehicle.

The white sandy beach which has pure water is good for swimming. The beach is save enough for swimming because the beach is shallow and the wave is not so big. This place is more beautiful at dusk. We can see the beautiful sunset with our family or friends.

In this location, we can sit and relax on the shelter while enjoy the natural beach breezy wind. It also has large pandan tree field. It is suitable for youngster activities such as camping.

If we want to sail, we can rent the traditional boat owned by local people. We can make voyage around the beach or we can go to pulau panjang (panjang island). Some time we can find banana boat and jet ski for rent.

In this place we can find many traditional footstalls. We can order traditional foods sold by the trader such as roasted fish, crab, boiled shell. Pindang srani is one of the delicious food enjoyed by the visitors.

come to the bandengan beach and you will find a paradise on the tips of Muria peninsula.

Narrative Text

Narrative Text is story. Mostly, narrative are imaginary stories but sometimes narratives can be factual too. Narrative includes fairy stories,fables,mystery,science,fictions,any romance and horror.

Characteristic of Narrative Text

1. Entertain the readers
2. Structure of the text = orientation()- complication()- resolution()
3. Other Generic structure = evaluation and coda
4. Language features = nouns, adjectives, time conjuction and conjunctions, adverb and adverbial phrases, action verbs, saying verbs

Kinds of Narrative Text
• Myth
• Legend
• Fable
• Folklore

Generic Structures: Orientation - Complication - Evaluation (optional) - Resolution

Orientation: it is about WHO, WHEN, and WHERE the story happened.

Evaluation: is optional; it is usually used to make the story more interesting.

Complication: it is about the conflict or the big problem of the story. Complication is the part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story (it is possible to make more than one conflict in a complication), and it is the climax of the story (the big problem in the story). A story can have more than one complication.

Resolution: it is the solution of the problem. It can be a happy or sad ending. In Resolution, the solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written.

Coda: it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral value of life.

Example :

There was a small village in the forest in a mountain on the east side of the earth. In the village lived a man with his son. His name was Jeremiah and his son was Clay. They lived in an old huge mansion, which was a guest house, quite far from the village. The house looked scary on the outside and the mansion’s owner also not a friendly person, but actually he had a kind heart even though they’re not rich.

One rainy and stormy night, came a beautiful young lady at the same age of his son. His son felt something wrong with the lady but he kept it inside, because he didn’t have evidence about his feeling. He kept an eye on the lady every time, every second, and every of her movement.

After dinner, the Lady asked them if they allowed her to stay for a night, as she had no house to stay. They allowed her to stay and prepared a room for her. Clay delivered her an extra blanket, it was very cold outside. He knocked the door but no one answered, then he tried again. He decided to wait, but five minute passed, he ran out of patient. He opened the door which apparently was not locked and stepped his feet inside the room. The room was so dark and the only light came from the opened window.

The thunder stroke a tree. He put the blanket on the bed and ran to shut the window. When he shut the window, he suddenly realized that no one’s in the room. He wondered where the lady was. There was no sign that the lady left the room, so he searches for her. Starting by opened the bathroom. At first, he saw nothing and no one, but as he walked to the bathtub he saw something dropping from the ceiling above the bathtub. He looked up and saw a body hanging on the ceiling. He called over his father but when his father arrived and Clay turned his head for a second, the body disappeared. They soon found that the lady was the first owner of the mansion who was committed suicide 50 years ago. That’s the reason why the guest house was closed.

Finite Verb

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.


Every grammatically correct sentence or clause must contain a finite verb; sentence fragments not containing finite verbs are described as phrases.

Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like Thanks for your help! has an interjection where it could have a subject and a finite verb form (compare I appreciate your help!).

In English, as in most related languages, only verbs in certain moods are finite. These include:
* the indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs); e.g., "The bulldozer demolished the restaurant," "The leaves were yellow and stiff."
* the imperative mood (giving a command).
* the subjunctive mood (expressing something that might or might not be the state of affairs, depending on some other part of the sentence); nearly extinct in English.

A verb is a word that expresses an occurrence, act, or mode of being. Finite verbs, sometimes called main verbs, are limited by time (see tense), person, and number.

The finite verbs are highlighted in the following sentences:
The bear caught a salmon in the stream.
Who ate the pie?
Stop!

A nonfinite verb form - such as a participle, infinitive, or gerund - is not limited by by time (see tense), person, and number.

Verb forms that are not finite include:
* the infinitive
* participles (e.g., "The broken window...", "The wheezing gentleman...")
* gerunds and gerundives

In linguistics, a non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject; and more generally, it is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language, such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person. As a result, a non-finite verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause; rather, it heads a non-finite clause.

By some accounts, a non-finite verb acts simultaneously as a verb and as another part of speech; it can take adverbs and certain kinds of verb arguments, producing a verbal phrase (i.e., non-finite clause), and this phrase then plays a different role — usually noun, adjective, or adverb — in a greater clause. This is the reason for the term verbal; non-finite verbs have traditionally been classified as verbal nouns, verbal adjectives, or verbal adverbs.

English has three kinds of verbals: participles, which function as adjectives; gerunds, which function as nouns; and infinitives, which have noun-like, adjective-like, and adverb-like functions. Each of these is also used in various common constructs; for example, the past participle is used in forming the perfect aspect (to have done).
Other kinds of verbals, such as supines and gerundives, exist in other languages.

Example:

The Crow and the Fox
One day a crow finds a tasty piece of cheese. She picks it up, flaps her wings, and flies to a high branch of a tree to eat it.

Passive Voice

A. Definition
A passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. That is, whoever or whatever is performing the action is not the grammatical subject of the sentence. Take a look at this passive rephrasing of a familiar joke.



B. Example Passive Voice
Tense Active Passive
Simple Present We take a cake A cake is taken by us
Simple Past We took a cake A cake was taken by us
Simple Future We will take a cake A cake will be taken by us
Present Perfect We has taken a cake A cake has been taken by us
Past Perfect We had taken a cake A cake had been taken by us
Going to-future We are going to take a cake in the table A cake is going to taken by us in the table

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
 the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
 the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
 the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

C. Agent
In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent - the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens.ExaMples:
 My mother makes sandwich every morning.
Subject + verb1 + s/es + O + C (adv. of time)
 Sandwich is made by my mother every morning.
Subject + to be + V3 + Agent + C (adv. of time)

If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:
1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.

Example:
Active:
John is giving his girl-friend a bunch of flower.
indirect object direct object
Passive:
The indirect object as the subject
John’s girl-friend is being given a bunch of flower.
Passive:
The direct object as the subject
A bunch of flower is being given to John’s girl-friend.

Asking If Someone Remember

Formal expressions:
- I wonder if you remember…..
- You remember…., don’t you?
- You haven’t forgotten…., have you?
- Don’t you remember…..?

- Do you happen to remember it now?Ways to respond:
- Let me think, yes, I remember.
- I remember especially the scenery.
- I’ll never forget that
- I’ll always remember.
- I can remember it clearly.Informal expressions:
- Remember the old house we used to live in?
- Remember that?
- I’m sorry I don’t rememberWays to respond:
- Hold on. Yes, got it!
- I know…..
- It’s coming back to me now.Respond if you forget:
- Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
- I’m affraid I forget.
- I really can’t remember.
- I’m afraid I have no memory of him
- Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone
- Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

News Item

News item is to inform the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. Is structure is:
• Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form
• Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances.
• Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities’ expert on the event.
Significant Grammar Features:

• Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
• Generally using Simple Past Tense
• Use of Material Processes to retell the event
• Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.
• Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell
• Focus on Circumstances
• Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages

There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.

1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
5. Headlines are not always complete sentences

Noun Phrase

A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.

For example, ‘they’, ‘books’, and ‘the books’ are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun, as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)
Example 1:
Aditya : Do you like books?
Dodi : Yes, I like them.
Aditya : Do you like books over there?
Dodi : Yes, they are nice.
Aditya : Do you like the book I brought yesterday?
Dodi : Yes, I like it. (Note: ‘It’ refers to ‘the book’, not ‘book’)



Example 2:
Nicko was late.
(‘Nicko’ is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb.)
Some noun phrases are short: The students
Some are long: The very tall education consultant

Structures of noun phrases:
▪ A beautiful old painting on the wall

Pre-modifier
- A beautiful old

Head noun
- painting

Post-modifier
- on the wall

When you use a noun in front of another noun, you never put adjectives between them. You put adjectives in front of the first noun.

Example: We just spoke with a young American boy.
Noun phrase can be in form of gerund (Vbase+ing) or gerund and other nouns compounding.

Example: passing the exam watching TV
preparing the equipment sliding down a rope
going to school diving board

Introductory it

A.To understand this lesson is easy.

B.It is easy to understand this lesson.

In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.


A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was introduce mainly to make the meaning of C easier to understand.

Introductory “it” can fill the position both of the subject and object.

• A word when usedin sentence, do not influence the sentences meaning because it’s meaning have
• Been contained by other sentence element. Introductory it earn also function as word change the.
• It serve the purpose of subject and also object.
• It Accommodating with the word it’s change
• As subject weather situation

Example :
- Today is hot
• it is hot today
- Yesterday was cloudy
• It was cloudy yesterday
- Summer is of note of rainy
• It is of note of rainy in summer.

Showing distance
- How far is the station to your home.
- My house is far away from here.
- Is the mosque far from here
- How far is it to your home
- It is about 24 km
- Is it far from here
- Assuring / explaining tio infinitive (showing condition of)

- To do the test is not easy
* It is not easy to do the test.
- To study math is very interesting
* it is very interesting to study math
- To meet you again will be nice
* it will be nice to meet you again
• As object Assuring / explaining to infinitive (showing condition of )

Offering

Definition
The making available of a new securities issue to the public through an underwriting. also called public offering.

Ways to say it
* Would you like a cup of tea, Mr malik?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. gery?
* Would you care some candy?

In the following dialogue is given some examples of expressions when we are going to offer something to someone else.

A: Here. Have a cookie.
B: Thanks

A: Would you like some cake?
B: No thank you. It looks delicious though

A: How about a glass of coffee?
B: Thanks, but I don’t drink coffee.

A: What will you have (to drink)?
B: Manggo juice will be fine.

A: Would you like some more pie?
B: Sure. It’s really good. Did you bake it yourself?

A: Can I get you some milk or something?
B: Well, a glass of water would be okay.

A: Here. Have a cookie.
B: Thanks.

A: Would you like some pie?
B: No thank you. It looks delicious though.

A:How about a glass of wine?
B:thanks, but I don't drink (alcohol).

A: What will you have (to drink)?
B: Orange juice will be fine.

A:Would you like some more cake?
B:Sure. It's really good. Did you bake it yourself ?

A:Can I get you some milk or something?
B:Well, a glass of water would be okay.

Askin For Information

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..




These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
* I'm calling to find out...
* I'm calling about...

Asking for Information
Information about company
What does your company do?
What is your specialty?
What do you specialize in?
What is your main line of business?
We produce marketing materials.
We specialize in art and design.
What are your major products?
What services do you provide?
We produce office machines.
We design software.
We provide technical support.

Information about products
Could you give me some (more) information on this?
What can you tell me about this (product)?
Tell me about this one/model.
This is one of our top brands.
It's our best selling refrigerator.
This one is the best in its class.
We're really pleased with its performance.
It's an excellent computer.
I highly recommend this one.
This model comes with several features.
This particular one has two components.

Information about Price What are you asking for this?
What does this sell for?
How much is it?
How much does it run?
This (one) sells for $5900.
This one goes for $2900.
This one is priced at $9695.
Construction

Formula Question Word Example Finish
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?

Formula Gerund (-ing) Example Finish
I'm interested in buying a boat

Formula Noun Example Finish
I'm looking for information on holidays in Spain.

Formula used only on the telphone Question Word Example Finish
I'm calling to find out... if flight AZ098 will leave on time today.

Formula used only on the telphone Noun Example Finish
I'm calling about... the offer published in today's newspaper.

look at this pic. ^^

Invitation(Written)

 
INVITATIONS
Most sporeinvitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,wouldyou like to,would you care to,etc.

Offerins invitation

->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?

Accepting invitation

->Yes,I’d love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.

Reffusing

->If you don’t mind,i’d rather not.
->Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I’m sorry.
->I’ve lost to work to do.

Invitation Verbal
Example:

• We want to inviteyou to come to our house
• Can you come to myrestaurant?
• Are you freetonight?

Accepting

• I like that
• That sounds good
• Thank you forinviting

Refusing

• I like that but Ican’t
• I’m very sorry fornot able to come
• Sorry, I’m very busy

Example invitationformal :

 

Afeeling that we feel when heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed usan expression  that we show/ say when we know /hear/see something thatrather difficult to believe .Used to express something taht we cant orimpossible.

Toexpress surprise or disbelief:

• What a surprise! That’s a surprise!
• (Well), that’s very surprising!
• Really?
• What?
• Are you serious? You must be joking!
• You’re kidding!
• Fancy that!
• I must say … surprises me.
• I  find that hard to believe.

Suprising amazement of something :

• Fantastic
• It’s great
• It’s terrific
• Wonderful !
• What a lovely flowers !

Exampleof expressing  surprise:

A:How can you say that?

B:Well, that’s the fact.

Exampleof expressing  surprise:

A:I can’t believe it!

B:That’s true.

Whenyou got a surprising fact, you can say:

¨     Do you know what?

¨     Believe it or not?

¨     You may not believe it, but …

¨     Can you believe this?

Youcan respond to the surprising fact using these expressions:

Ø  Really ? 
Ø  Are you joking ? 
Ø  Oh my God.. 
Ø  Wow… 
Ø  I thank you !

GRATITUDE,COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION

Several expressions ofcongratulating, complimenting, and  thanking

Congratulation  is anexpression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/shesucceeds in doing something.

Congratulating:

• Congratulations!
• Congratulations on your success!
• Happy birthday!
• Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led!
• Merry Christmas!
• Happy New Year!
• Happy Valentine!
• Happy anniversary!

Expressing

§  Let me congratulate you

§  My congratulations on your success

§  Pretty good

Responding

§  Thank you

§  Thanks, I needed that

§  It’s very kind of you to say that

§  Do you really think so ?

Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise.Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order toincrease good will, for example:

• on his/her general appearance
• if you notice something new about the person’s appearance
• when you visit someone’s house for the first time
• when other people do their best

Complimenting:

• What a nice dress!
• You look great.
• You look very nice/beautiful/handsome.
• I really must express my admiration for your dance.
• Good grades!
• Excellent!
• Nice work!

Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express gratefulfeeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often.Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something,wish you something and give you a compliment etc.

Thanking: 

Ø  Thank you very much

Ø  Thank you for your help

Ø  I’m really very grateful to you

Ø  You’re welcome

Ø  Don’t mention it

Ø  It’s a pleasure / My pleasure

Ø  I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father,etc) 
 
Ø  I am grateful to your help